中国园林文化艺术典型特征

朱建宁
ZHU Jian-ning

摘要：中国园林是中国文化的重要组成部分，也是中国文化的载体。中国文化的特性深深隐含在造园思想和造园理论中，从而形成中国园林艺术的文化特征。本文首先从中西方不同的自然条件、地理环境和各自的语言文字特点出发，分析东西方文化体系的不同特点，主要体现在中国“天人合一”的哲学体系和注重整体性与直观性的形象思维，以及西方“天人相分”的哲学思想和追求精确性与分析性的语言思维。进而导出中园林文化的四大特征：天人合一、君子比德、寓情于景、虚实相生。这四大特征在造就独树一帜的中国园林艺术的同时，也使其具有着与生俱来的一些弊病。因此，在继承中国传统文化的同时，引进和借鉴西方先进的思维方式、优秀的文化成果，取西方园林之长补中国园林之短，是中国现代园林发展的必由之路。

关键词：风景园林；园林艺术；研究；文化特征；自然环境；语言文字

Abstract: Chinese garden is an important part and carrier of Chinese culture, the features of which have been significantly suggested in ideas and theories of Chinese garden to form the cultural characteristics of Chinese garden art. Based on the different natural and geographical conditions and haracteristics of languages between China and Western countries, this paper analyzed the different characteristics in East-West cultural systems, which are mostly reflected in the Chinese philosophy of harmony between nature and mankind,the imaginal thinking that emphasizes on integrity and intuition, the western philosophy of separation between nature and mankind and lingual thinking on accuracy and analysis. It also explored the four major characteristics of Chinese garden culture, including the harmony between nature and mankind,superior men of virtues, imaging scenery with feelings and the transition between scenery and imagination.Although these four features constructed the unique Chinese garden art, they also presented some inherent defects. Therefore, it is necessary and significant to inherit the traditional Chinese cultures and learn from the advanced western ideas to develop the modern landscape architecture in China.

Key words: Landscape Architecture; Garden Art; Research; Cultural haracteristics; Natural Environment; Language and Words