Difficulties and Planning Explorations of Pedestrian Systems
The Practice and Thoughts of Pedestrian System Planning
叶冬青 张海达 薛国强
YE Dong-qing ZHANG Hai-da XUE Guo-qiang
摘要: 以江南古城常熟市为例,研究了当前我国城市步行交通存在的普遍问题。从步行系统规划及设计层面探讨了优化城市步行系统的途径,探索解决问题的方法。提出通过遵循安全性、连续性、人性化的原则;构建城市安全、充满活力、人性化的步行系统;进行差别化的步行分区,体现城市的资源禀赋和不同用地性质空间内的步行活动特色;形成路径连续、断点衔接的步行网络,提高步行的可达性;精细设计步行廊道、步行环境,提高步行的舒适度;规范设计步行交通设施,保障行人安全,以系统的规划完善步行系统,并号召政府从城市发展策略和总体规划上予以基础支撑。
关键词: 城市规划;步行系统;规划设计;交通;研究;交通规划
基金:美国能源基金会中国可持续能源项目(资助号:G-0812-10580)、中国住房和城乡建设部“城市步行和自行车交通系统示范项目”
Abstract: With a case study of the pedestrian system in Changshu City, this paper explores problems of the current urban pedestrian system in China. It discusses some approaches to optimize the urban pedestrian system and suggests that principles of safety, continuity and people-oriented should be implemented in the design process to create a safe, dynamic and comfortable pedestrian system. It also indicates the differentiation of walking partition reflects resources of cities and characteristics of open space. A continuous pedestrian system that links breakpoints can increase the accessibility while a careful-designed pedestrian system offers a comfortable walking environment for pedestrians. A standard design of pedestrian facilities can ensure pedestrians’ safety. In addition to the improvement of pedestrian system planning, government’s decisions on urban development strategies and master plan are also needed.
Key words: Urban Planning; Pedestrian System; Planning and Design; Traffic; Research; Traffic Planning
Fund: China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation (No. G-0812-10580), Exemplary Program of Urban Pedestrian and Bicycle System Sponsored by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC
1 步行的困境
“世上本没有路,走的人多了,便成了路”——这是一句耳熟能详的话。一开始路是人走出来的,后来路是为人而建的。而随着中国经济高速增长和城市化、机动化进程的加速,城市中行人的路却是越来越难走了。面对机动车辆不断增长的压力,交通管理部门几乎所有的精力都放在解决机动车交通的问题上。步行交通沦为城市交通的附带产品,在规划、建设与管理环节上被忽视。步行路权受到挤占,步行环境日益恶化,步行安全存在严重隐患。步行,这一人类最原始最基本的活动在今日的城市中面临着前所未有的困境。
以常熟市这座江南古城为例看步行面临的问题。常熟市土地面积126 439hm2,位于江苏东南部经济发达的苏锡常地区,东倚上海,南接苏州,西邻无锡,北枕长江,与南通隔江相望,距离区域中心城市上海100km,具有得天独厚的区位优势。自古以来,常熟就是一座百业兴旺的商贸城市,现为国家历史文化名城,山水生态城市与文化旅游城市,长三角重要的先进制造业基地和商贸中心。常熟具有山水城一体的城市特色,虞山做为古城的一部分,其山行步道与城市有机相连,形成独特格局;万亩尚湖景区步道诗情画意;西泾岸民居保护区内,传统民居和私家园林以尺度宜人的传统步行巷弄相串联;古城与新区之间以环城路和护城河相隔,护城河滨水步道及黛瓦青砖民居有机融合、相得益彰,小桥流水人家,巷弄幽深清远。虞山,尚湖,古城幽巷,形成山、水、城融为一体的水乡独特风貌。尽管常熟市已有得天独厚的步行特色空间和步行环境基础,但仍存在下述问题:
(未完待续)
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